
Tryckgränser för safirglas: Förståelse för mekanisk hållfasthet och tillförlitlighet hos avancerade optiska fönster
1. Introduction Sapphire glass (Al₂O₃) is a single-crystal material widely used in optical, aerospace, defense, and industrial applications due to its exceptional hardness, chemical stability, and optical transparency. Ranking 9 on the Mohs scale, sapphire is nearly as hard as diamond, providing outstanding scratch resistance. Additionally, it exhibits high thermal conductivity, chemical inertness, and transparency









