
Cửa sổ quang học bằng sapphire: Phân loại, tính chất vật liệu và ứng dụng công nghiệp
1. Introduction Sapphire optical windows are widely recognized in advanced engineering and optical industries for their exceptional combination of mechanical strength, optical transparency, and environmental resistance. As a single-crystal form of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), sapphire offers superior hardness (Mohs 9), excellent thermal stability, and broad transmission from the ultraviolet (UV) to mid-infrared (IR) range. Due








