{"id":2484,"date":"2026-05-21T05:24:34","date_gmt":"2026-05-21T05:24:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/?p=2484"},"modified":"2026-05-21T05:24:48","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T05:24:48","slug":"why-sapphire-domes-are-replacing-traditional-glasses-in-high-hardness-optics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/why-sapphire-domes-are-replacing-traditional-glasses-in-high-hardness-optics\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a<\/a>-\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 (Al\u2082O\u2083) - \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2. \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 (\u03b1-Al\u2082O\u2083). \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633: 9<\/strong> (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 345 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631: ~ 2050 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.15 \u0625\u0644\u0649 5.5 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3. \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c (\u0645\u062b\u0644 BK7 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629) \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3.1 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 = \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3.2 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3.3 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    4.1 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • \u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0637\u0633\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      4.2 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        4.3 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0640<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 (\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 HF)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          5. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/th>\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
          \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
          \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634<\/td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629-\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td><\/tr>
          \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/td>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td><\/tr>
          \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td><\/tr>
          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td><\/tr>
          \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          6. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          6.1 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 6.1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

          \u062a\u064f\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633 (KY)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (HEM)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            6.2 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

            \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              6.3 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 6.3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

              \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              7. \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

              \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              • \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                8. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                • \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634 (\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 (\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                  \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  9. \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                  \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n
                  • \u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                    \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    10. \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                    \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \n
                    1. \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    2. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    3. \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                      \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629)<\/h2>\n\n\n
                      \n
                      \n
                      \n

                      \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n
                      \n\n

                      \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                      \n

                      \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n
                      \n\n

                      \u0646\u0639\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                      \n

                      \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n
                      \n\n

                      \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 - \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      1. Introduction In modern optical engineering, especially in extreme environments such as aerospace, underwater exploration, defense systems, and high-speed sensing, traditional optical glass is increasingly being replaced by synthetic sapphire domes. This shift is not simply a material substitution, but a structural upgrade driven by demands for higher hardness, thermal stability, and environmental resistance. Sapphire […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2439,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[806,176,382,803,599,805,62,264,596,153,54,408,381,804],"class_list":["post-2484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-product-knowledge","tag-advanced-ceramics-optics","tag-aerospace-optics","tag-al2o3-crystal","tag-high-hardness-optics","tag-infrared-dome","tag-military-sensor-window","tag-optical-materials","tag-precision-optics","tag-sapphire-optical-dome","tag-sapphire-optics-2","tag-sapphire-window","tag-scratch-resistant-optics","tag-synthetic-sapphire","tag-underwater-optical-window"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2484"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2484\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2485,"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2484\/revisions\/2485"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}