{"id":2452,"date":"2026-04-30T03:51:53","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T03:51:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/?p=2452"},"modified":"2026-04-30T03:56:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T03:56:57","slug":"sapphire-vs-quartz-windows","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/sapphire-vs-quartz-windows\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645, <strong>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a (\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 Al\u2082O\u2083O\u2083)<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 (SiO\u2082)<\/strong> \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Circular-Sapphire-Windows-High-Transmittance-90-Sapphire-Glass-for-Laser-Applications-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2073\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Circular-Sapphire-Windows-High-Transmittance-90-Sapphire-Glass-for-Laser-Applications-1.webp 750w, https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Circular-Sapphire-Windows-High-Transmittance-90-Sapphire-Glass-for-Laser-Applications-1-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Circular-Sapphire-Windows-High-Transmittance-90-Sapphire-Glass-for-Laser-Applications-1-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Circular-Sapphire-Windows-High-Transmittance-90-Sapphire-Glass-for-Laser-Applications-1-600x600.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Circular-Sapphire-Windows-High-Transmittance-90-Sapphire-Glass-for-Laser-Applications-1-100x100.webp 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 <strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a (\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 (SiO\u2082 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a<\/th><th>\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>5.5-6.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0632<\/td><td>~\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2200 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/td><td>~550 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631<\/td><td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td><td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td><td>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629:<\/strong><br>\u064a\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>4 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/strong>, \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a<\/th><th>\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649<\/td><td>~2000 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631)<\/td><td>~1100\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td><td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (~ 25-35 \u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0645 \u0643)<\/td><td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1.4 \u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0645-\u0643)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td><td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629:<\/strong><br>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 <strong>\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a<\/th><th>\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>~\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 150 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td><td>~\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 180 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a<\/td><td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td><td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/td><td>~\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 5.5 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td><td>~\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 3.5-4.5 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 (IR)<\/strong>, \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0641<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.4 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a<\/th><th>\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td><td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td><td>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627<\/td><td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td><td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629:<\/strong><br>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.5 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 3.5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a<\/th><th>\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631<\/td><td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td><td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td><td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629:<\/strong><br>\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (CW)<\/strong>, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.6 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a<\/th><th>\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645<\/td><td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/td><td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td><td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/td><td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629)<\/td><td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/td><td>\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629:<br>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><br>\u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b <strong>\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/strong>, \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 (TCO)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td><td>\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a<\/strong> \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 (\u00b1 0.01 \u0645\u0645)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 AR\/HR<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u0628<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/product-category\/sapphire-windows\/\"> \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/a> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Introduction In high-performance optical, industrial, and scientific systems, material selection for optical windows directly determines system reliability, thermal stability, and service life. Among commonly used materials, sapphire (single-crystal Al\u2082O\u2083) and fused quartz (SiO\u2082) are two of the most widely specified options. Although both are considered high-grade optical materials, they differ significantly in: This guide [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[750,751,36,755,753,62,756,224,340,41,389,752,754],"class_list":["post-2452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-industry-news","tag-engineering-materials-comparison","tag-failure-mode-analysis","tag-high-pressure-optical-windows","tag-laser-window-materials","tag-mechanical-strength-sapphire","tag-optical-materials","tag-plasma-chamber-windows","tag-quartz-windows","tag-sapphire-vs-quartz","tag-sapphire-windows","tag-semiconductor-equipment-materials","tag-thermal-stress-resistance","tag-uv-optical-windows"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2452","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2452"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2452\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2453,"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2452\/revisions\/2453"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2452"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2452"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sapphire-windows.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}